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Snakes are elongated legless carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates snakes are ectothermic amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws. To accommodate their narrow bodies paired organs appear one in front of the other instead of side by side and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.

Living are found on every continent except Antarctica and on most smaller land masses exceptions include some large islands such as Ireland Iceland Greenland the Hawaiian archipelago and the islands of New Zealand and many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific oceans. Additionally, sea is widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. More than 20 families are currently recognized comprising about 520 genera and about 3,600 species. They range in size from the tiny 10.4 cm (4.1 in)-long thread snake to the reticulated python of 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 12.8 meters (42 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards perhaps during the Jurassic period with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago. The diversity of modern appeared during the Paleocene period (c 66 to 56 Ma ago). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus.

Most species are nonvenomous and those that have venom use it primarily to kill and subdue prey rather than for self-defense. Some possess venom potent enough to cause painful injury or death to humans. Nonvenomous snakes either swallow prey alive or kill by constriction.

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